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Special Reports

The PSG also produces and contributes to special surveys and other publications, the most widely recognized of which is the list of the world's 25 most endangered primates. First introduced as a media outreach tool in 2000, the Top 25 list has become a biennial review of those species and subspecies in the direst need— some of which now survive only as a few dozen individuals. The production of this list is a joint venture of the PSG with Conservation International and the International Primatological Society (IPS). The list is reviewed at open meetings during the congresses of the IPS that are held every two years. By highlighting the danger to a selected few, the PSG hopes to draw attention to the need for urgent conservation measures for these species and to wider issues of primate conservation. Fifty four primates have been listed to date.

The most recent edition of the Top 25 list is available as a report in PDF. This version was revised in August 2008 at the 22nd Congress of the International Primatological Society in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Top 25 list will be revisited in a special session of the 23rd Congress of the International Primatological Society in Kyoto, Japan, 12-18 September 2008.


Mittermeier, R. A., W. R. Konstant and A. B. Rylands. 2000. The world’s top 25 most endangered primates. Neotropical Primates 8(1): 49.

Mittermeier, R. A., W. R. Konstant, A. B. Rylands, T. M. Butynski, A. A. Eudey, J. U. Ganzhorn and R. Kormos. 2002. The world’s top 25 most endangered primates – 2002. Neotropical Primates 10(3): 128–131. Reprinted in Lemur News (8): 6–9.

Mittermeier, R. A., C. Valladares-Pádua, A. B. Rylands, A. A. Eudey, T. M. Butynski, J. U. Ganzhorn, R. Kormos, J. M. Aguiar and S. Walker (eds.). 2006. Primates in peril: the world’s 25 most endangered primates 2004–2006. Primate Conservation (20): 1–28.

Mittermeier, R. A., J. Ratsimbazafy, A. B. Rylands, E. A. Williamson, J. F. Oates, D. Mbora, J. U. Ganzhorn, E. Rodríguez-Luna, E. Palacios, E. W. Heymann, M. C. M, Kierulff, Long Yongcheng, J. Supriatna, C. Roos, S. Walker and J. M. Aguiar. 2007. Primates in peril: the world’s 25 most endangered primates, 2006–2008. Primate Conservation (22): 1–40.

Mittermeier, R. A., J. Wallis, A. B. Rylands, J. U. Ganzhorn, J. F. Oates, E. A. Williamson, E. Palacios, E. W. Heymann, M. C. M. Kierulff, Long Yongcheng, J. Supriatna, C. Roos, S. Walker, L. Cortés-Ortiz and C. Schwitzer. 2009. Primates in Peril: the world’s 25 most endangered primates 2008-2010. Primate Conservation(24):1-57