 | |
Primates of Madagascar
Taxonomy and Conservation Status
June 2008
Family Cheirogaleidae
|
| Microcebus berthae |
Madame Berthe's mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus bongolavensis |
Bongolava mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus danfossi |
Danfoss' mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus griseorufus |
Rufous-Grey mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus jollyae |
Jolly's mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus lehilahytsara |
Goodman's mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus mamiratra |
Claire's mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus mittermeieri |
Mittermeier's mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus murinus |
Grey mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus myoxinus |
Pygmy mouse lemur |
EN B1+2abc |
| Microcebus ravelobensis |
Golden-Brown mouse lemur |
EN B1+2bc |
| Microcebus rufus |
Rufous mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus sambiranensis |
Sambirano mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus simmonsi |
Simmons' mouse lemur |
NE |
| Microcebus tavaratra |
Northern rufous mouse lemur |
NE |
| Allocebus trichotis |
Hairy-Eared dwarf lemur |
EN B1+2abc |
| Mirza coquereli |
Coquerel's mouse lemur |
VU A2cd, B1+2abc |
| Mirza zaza |
Northern giant mouse lemur |
NE |
| Cheirogaleus adipicaudatus |
Southern fat-tailed dwarf lemur |
NE |
| Cheirogaleus crossleyi |
Furry-Eared dwarf lemur |
NE |
| Cheirogaleus major |
Greater dwarf lemur |
NE |
| Cheirogaleus medius |
Eastern fat-tailed dwarf lemur |
NE |
| Cheirogaleus minusculus |
Lesser iron-grey dwarf lemur |
NE |
| Cheirogaleus ravus |
Greater iron-grey dwarf lemur |
NE |
| Cheirogaleus sibreei |
Sibree’s dwarf lemur |
NE |
| Phaner electromontis |
Amber Mtn. fork-marked lemur |
VU B1+2c, C2b |
| Phaner furcifer |
Eastern fork-marked lemur |
LR |
| Phaner pallescens |
Pale fork-marked lemur |
VU B1+2bc, C2a |
| Phaner parienti |
Parienti's fork-marked lemur |
VU B1+2c, C2b |
Family Lepilemuridae
|
| Lepilemur aeeclis |
Antafia sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur ahmansoni |
Ahmanson's sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur ankaranensis |
Ankarana sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur betsileo |
Betsileo sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur dorsalis |
Grey-Backed sportive lemur |
VU A2cd, B1+2c |
| Lepilemur edwardsi |
Milne-Edwards’ sportive lemur |
LR |
| Lepilemur fleuretae |
Fleurete's sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur grewcocki |
Grewcock's sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur hubbardi |
Hubbard's sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur jamesi |
James' sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur leucopus |
White-Footed sportive lemur |
LR |
| Lepilemur microdon |
Small-Toothed sportive lemur |
LR |
| Lepilemur milanoii |
Dariana sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur mittermeieri |
Mittermeier's sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur mustelinus |
Weasel lemur |
LR |
| Lepilemur otto |
Otto's sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur petteri |
Petter's sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur randrianasoli |
Randrianasolo's sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur ruficadatus |
Red-Tailed sportive lemur |
LR |
| Lepilemur sahamalazensis |
Sahamalaza sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur scottorum |
Scott's sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur seali |
Seal's sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur septentrionalis |
Northern sportive lemur |
VU A2cd |
| Lepilemur tymerlachsoni |
Hawks' sportive lemur |
NE |
| Lepilemur wrighti |
Wright's sportive lemur |
NE |
Family Lemuridae
|
| Hapalemur alaotrensis |
Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur |
CR A2cd, B1+2c |
| Hapalemur aureus |
Golden bamboo lemur |
CR A2cd |
Hapalemur griseus griseus
Hapalemur g. ranomafanensis
Hapalemur griseus gilberti |
Grey bamboo lemur
Ranomafana grey bamboo l.
Gilbert's grey bamboo lemur |
LR
NE
NE |
| Hapalemur meridionalis |
Southern bamboo lemur |
NE |
| Hapalemur cf. occidentalis |
Tsiombikibo gentle lemur |
NE |
| Hapalemur occidentalis |
Western lesser bamboo lemur |
VU A1cd, B1+2abc |
| Prolemur simus |
Broad-Nosed gentle lemur |
CR A2cd |
| Lemur catta |
Ring-Tailed lemur |
VU A1c |
| Eulemur albifrons |
White-Fronted lemur |
LR |
| Eulemur albocollaris |
White-Collared brown lemur |
CR B1+2abc |
| Eulemur collaris |
Collared brown lemur |
VU A1cd, B1+2bc |
| Eulemur coronatus |
Crowned lemur |
VU A1cd, B1+2bc |
| Eulemur flavifrons |
Sclater's lemur |
CR A1cd, B1+2bc |
| Eulemur fulvus |
Common brown lemur |
LR |
| Eulemur macaco |
Black lemur |
VU B1+2bc |
| Eulemur mongoz |
Mongoose lemur |
VU A1c, C2a |
| Eulemur rubriventer |
Red-bellied lemur |
VU A2c |
| Eulemur rufifrons |
Red-fronted lemur |
NE |
| Eulemur rufus |
Red lemur |
LR |
| Eulemur sanfordi |
Sanford's brown lemur |
VU B1+2bc |
| Varecia rubra |
Red-ruffed lemur |
CR A2cd, B1+2bc |
Varecia variegata editorum
Varecia variegata subcincta
Varecia variegata variegata |
S. B&W ruffed lemur
White-belted B&W ruffed lemur
Black-and-White ruffed lemur |
NE
NE
EN A1cd, B1+2bc |
Family Indridae
|
| Avahi betsileo |
Betsileo woolly lemur |
NE |
| Avahi cleesei |
Bemaraha woolly lemur |
NE |
| Avahi laniger |
Eastern woolly lemur |
LR |
| Avahi meridionalis |
Southern woolly lemur |
NE |
| Avahi mooreorum |
Southern woolly lemur |
NE |
| Avahi occidentalis |
Western woolly lemur |
VU A2cd |
| Avahi peyrierasi |
Peyrieras' woolly lemur |
NE |
| Avahi ramantsoavani |
Ramantsoavana's s. woolly lemur |
NE |
| Avahi unicolor |
Sambirano woolly lemur |
NE |
| Propithecus candidus |
Silky sifaka |
CR A2cd, B1+2bc |
| Propithecus coquereli |
Coquerel's sifaka |
EN A2c, B1+2bc |
| Propithecus coronatus |
Crowned sifaka |
CR B1+2bc, C2a |
| Propithecus deckenii |
Decken's sifaka |
VU A1c |
| Propithecus diadema |
Diademed sifaka |
CR A1cd |
| Propithecus edwardsi |
Milne-Edwards' sifaka |
EN A1c |
| Propithecus perrieri |
Perrier's sifaka |
CR A2cd, B1+2c |
| Propithecus tattersalli |
Golden-Crowned sifaka |
CR A2c, B1+2bcd |
| Propithecus verreauxi |
Verreaux's sifaka |
VU A2cd |
| Indri indri |
Indri |
EN A1c+2c |
Family Daubentoniidae
|
| Daubentonia madagascariensis |
Aye-Aye |
EN A2cd, C2a |
|
Total Taxa: 93
Total Threatened: 36
Percent Threatened: 39% |
NOTE: Nineteen new species of lemurs have been described in 2006 alone. None of these have been formally evaluated for conservation status, but given their restricted ranges, it is probable that many of them qualify for threatened status. If so, the total proportion of the lemur fauna threatened with extinction might be as great as 59%.
NOTE: This taxonomy for lemurs follows Mittermeier et al. (2006) and Mittermeier et al. (submitted). The latter publication includes all the recent descriptions of new lemur taxa up to December 2006, except for Microcebus lokobensis Olivieri et al., 2006 from the Island of Nosy Be (published online 27 November 2006) which is considered to be a junior synonym of M. mamiratra Louis et al., 2006 (printed 4 August 2006). Whereas Mittermeier et al. (2006) listed the form flavifrons as a subspecies of Eulemur macaco, we here list it as a full species (see Mittermeier et al., submitted; Schwitzer et al., 2005, 2006). Groves (2006) argued cogently that the form Eulemur rufifrons (Bennett, 1833) is a valid species and not a junior synonym of E. rufus.
The conservation status of each species is based on assessment summaries provided by the IUCN Red List. The Red List website offers more information on the threat categories listed here.
References
Andriaholinirina, N., Fausser, J.-L., Roos, C., Zinner, D., Thalmann, U., Rabarivola, C., Ravoarimanana, I., Ganzhorn, J. U., Meier, B., Hilgartner, R., Walter, L., Zaramody, A., Langer, C., Hahn, T., Zimmermann, E., Radespiel, U., Craul, M., Tomiuk, J., Tattersall, I. and Rumpler, Y. 2006. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the sportive lemurs (Lepilemur, Primates). BMC Evolutionary Biology 6: 17.
Andriaholinirina, N., Rabarivola, C., Zaramody, A., Roos, C., Zinner, D., Fausser, J.-L., Hauwy, M. and Rumpler, Y. 2006. Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of the newly described sportive lemur Lepilemur jamesi (Louis et al., 2006). Prim. Rep. 74: 25–33.
Andriantompohavana, R., Lei, R., Zaonarivelo, J. R., Engberg, S. E., Nalanirina, G., McGuire, S. M., Shore, G. D., Andrianasolo, J., Herrington, K., Brenneman, R. A. and Louis Jr., E. E. 2007. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes). Texas Tech University Special Publications: 51: 1-59.
Groves, C. P. 2006. Red lemurs and red-fronted lemurs are not the same. Paper presented at 24th Annual Conference of Australasian Primate Society, Perth, 1–2 April 2006.
Louis Jr., E. E., Coles, M. S., Andriantompohavana, R., Sommer, J. A., Engberg, S. E., Zaonarivelo, J. R., Mayor, M. I. and Brenneman, R. A. 2006. Revision of the mouse lemurs (Primates, Microcebus) of Madagascar. Int. J. Primatol. 27: 347–389.
Louis Jr., E. E., Engberg, S. E., Lei, R., Geng, H., Sommer, J. A., Randriamampionona, R., Randriamanana, J. C., Zaonarivelo, J. R., Andriantompohavana, R., Randria, G., Prosper, Ramaromilanto, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Rooney, A. and Brenneman, R. A. 2006. Molecular and morphological analyses of the sportive lemurs (Family Megaladapidae: Genus Lepilemur) reveals 11 previously unrecognized species. Spec. Publ. Texas Tech Univ. (49): 1–47.
Mittermeier, R. A., Konstant, W. R., Hawkins, F., Louis Jr., E. E., Langrand, O., Ratsimbafazy, J., Rasoloarison, R., Ganzhorn, J. U., Rajaobelina, S., Tattersall, I. and Meyers, D. M. 2006. Lemurs of Madagascar. Second Edition. Conservation International, Washington, DC.
Mittermeier, R. A., Ganzhorn, J. U., Konstant, W. R., Glander, K., Tattersall, I., Groves, C. P., Rylands, A. B., Hapke, A., Ratsimbazafy, J., Mayor, M. I., Louis Jr., E. E., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C. and Rasoloarison, R. M. Submitted. Lemur diversity in Madagascar.
Olivieri, G., Zimmermann, E., Randrianambinina, B., Rassoloharijaona, S., Rakotondravony, Gsuchanski, K. and Radespiel, U. In press. The ever-increasing diversity in mouse lemurs: Three new species in north and northwestern Madagascar. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. - DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.10.026.
Rabarivola, C., Zaramody, A., Fausser, J.-L., Andriaholinirina, N., Roos, C., Zinner, D., Marcel, H. and Rumpler, Y. 2006. Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of a new species of sportive lemur from Northern Madagascar. Lemur News (11): 45-49.
Thalmann, U. and Geissmann, T. 2005. New species of woolly lemur Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes) from Bemaraha (Central Western Madagascar). Am. J. Primatol. 67(3): 371–376.
Schwitzer, C., Schwitzer, N., Randriatahina, G. H. and Kaumanns, W. 2005. Inventory of the Eulemur macaco flavifrons population in the Sahamalaza protected area, northwestern Madagascar, with notes on an unusual color variant of E. macaco. Prim. Rep. Special Issue 72-1: 39–40. Abstract. 5 Göttinger Freilandtage ‘Primate Diversity—Past, Present and Future’, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, 13–16 December 2005.
Schwitzer, C., Schwitzer, N., Randriatahina, G. H., Rabarivola, C. and Kaumanns, W. 2006. "Programme Sahamalaza": New perspectives for the in situ and ex situ study and conservation of the blue-eyed black lemur (Eulemur macaco flavifrons) in a fragmented habitat. In: Schwitzer, C., Brandt, S., Ramilijaona, O., Rakotomalala Razanahoera, M., Ackermand, D., Razakamanana, T., and Ganzhorn, J. U. (eds.), Proceedings of the German-Malagasy Research Cooperation in Life and Earth Sciences, Concept Verlag, Berlin, pp.135–149.
Zaramody, A., Fausser, J.-L., Roos, C., Zinner, D., Andriaholinirina, N., Rabarivola, C., Norscia, I., Tattersall, I. and Rumpler, Y. 2006. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the eastern woolly lemurs (Avahi laniger). Prim. Rep. 74: 9–22.
Copies of The Lemurs of Madagascar are available from Conservation International; visit our News page for more information.
| |
|
