Primates of Asia
Taxonomy and Conservation Status
June 2008

Family Lorisidae
Subfamily Lorisinae

Loris lydekkerianus grandis   Loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus Loris lydekkerianus malabaricus Loris lydekkerianus nordicus	Highland slender loris   Mysore slender loris Malabar slender loris North Ceylonese slender loris	EN A2cd+4cd; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) NT NT EN A2cd+4cd
Loris tardigradus nycticeboides   Loris tardigradus tardigradus	Ceylon Mtn. slender loris   Red slender loris	EN A2cd+4cd; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) EN A2cd+4cd
Nycticebus bengalensis	Northern slow loris	DD
Nycticebus coucang coucang Nycticebus coucang javanicus	Greater slow loris Javan slow loris	LR/lc DD
Nycticebus coucang menagensis	Bornean slow loris	DD
Nycticebus pygmaeus	Pygmy slow loris	VU A1cd

Family Tarsiidae

Tarsius bancanus bancanus Tarsius bancanus borneanus Tarsius bancanus natunensis Tarsius bancanus saltator	Western or Horsfield’s tarsier Bornean tarsier Natuna tarsier Belitung tarsier	LR/lc DD DD DD
Tarsius dentatus		NE
Tarsius lariang	Palu tarsier	NE
Tarsius pelengensis	Peleng tarsier	DD
Tarsius pumilus	Pygmy or Mountain tarsier	DD
Tarsius sangirensis	Sangihe tarsier	DD
Tarsius syrichta carbonarius Tarsius syrichta fraterculus Tarsius syrichta syrichta	Mindanao tarsier Bohol tarsier Philippine tarsier	NE NE DD
Tarsius tarsier	Makassar tarsier	LR/nt

Family Cercopithecidae
Subfamily Cercopithecinae

Macaca arctoides	Stumptail or bear macaque	VU A1cd
Macaca assamensis assamensis Macaca assamensis pelops	Eastern Assamese macaque Western Assamese macaque	VU A1cd EN B1ab(i,ii,iii)+2ab(i,ii,iii); C2a(i)
Macaca cyclopis	Formosan rock or Taiwan macaque	VU A1cd
Macaca fascicularis atriceps Macaca fascicularis aurea Macaca fascicularis condorensis Macaca fascicularis fascicularis Macaca fascicularis fusca Macaca fascicularis karimondjawae Macaca fascicularis lasiae Macaca fascicularis philippinenesis Macaca fascicularis tua Macaca fascicularis umbrosa	Dark-crowned long-tailed macaque Burmese long-tailed macaque Con Son long-tailed macaque Common long-tailed macaque Simeulue long-tailed macaque Karimunjawa long-tailed macaque Lasia long-tailed macaque Philippine long-tailed macaque Maratua long-tailed macaque Nicobar long-tailed macaque	DD LR/nt DD LR/nt DD DD DD LR/nt DD NT
Macaca fuscata fuscata Macaca fuscata yakui	Japanese macaque Yaku macaque	DD EN B1+2cde
Macaca hecki	Heck's macaque	LR/nt
Macaca leonina	Northern pigtail macaque	VU A1cd
Macaca maurus	Moor macaque	EN A1cd, B1+2cde
Macaca mulatta lasiota Macaca mulatta littoralis Macaca mulatta mulatta Macaca mulatta sanctijohannis Macaca mulatta siamica Macaca mulatta tcheliensis Macaca mulatta vestita	West Chinese rhesus macaque South Chinese rhesus macaque Indian rhesus macaque Insular Chinese rhesus macaque Indochinese rhesus macaque North Chinese rhesus macaque Tibetan rhesus macaque	NE NE LR/nt NE NE NE NE
Macaca munzala	Arunachal macaque	NE
Macaca nemestrina	Sundaland pigtail macaque	VU A1cd
Macaca nigra	Celebes or crested black macaque	EN A1acd
Macaca nigrescens	Gorontalo or Dumoga-Bone macaque	LR/cd
Macaca ochreata brunnescens Macaca ochreata ochreata	Muna-Butung macaque Booted macaque	VU C1 DD
Macaca pagensis pagensis Macaca pagensis siberu	Pagai macaque Siberut macaque	CR A2cd CR A2cd
Macaca radiata diluta Macaca radiata radiata	Light-bellied bonnet macaque Dark-bellied bonnet macaque	LC LC
Macaca silenus	Lion-tailed macaque	EN C2a(i)
Macaca sinica aurifrons Macaca sinica opisthomelas Macaca sinica sinica	Pale-fronted toque macaque Hill zone toque macaque Common toque macaque	EN A2cd+4cd NE EN A2cd+4cd
Macaca thibetana	Tibetan macaque	LR/cd
Macaca tonkeana	Tonkean macaque	LR/nt

Subfamily Colobinae

Nasalis larvatus larvatus Nasalis larvatus orientalis	Stripe-naped proboscis monkey Plain-naped proboscis monkey	EN A2c, C1+2a NE
Presbytis comata	Javan grizzled surili	EN A1c, C2a
Presbytis femoralis batuana Presbytis femoralis chrysomelas Presbytis femoralis cruciger Presbytis femoralis femoralis Presbytis femoralis percura Presbytis femoralis robinsoni	North Sumatran banded surili Bornean banded surili Tricolor surili Raffles' banded surili East Sumatran banded surili Robinson's banded surili	DD DD DD LR/nt DD DD
Presbytis fredericae	Javan fuscous surili	DD
Presbytis frontata	White-fronted surili	DD
Presbytis hosei canicrus Presbytis hosei everetti Presbytis hosei hosei Presbytis hosei sabana	Miller's grizzled surili Everett’s grizzled surili Hose's grizzled surili Crested or Saban grizzled surili	DD DD DD VU A2c
Presbytis melalophos bicolor Presbytis melalophos melalophos Presbytis melalophos mitrata Presbytis melalophos nobilis	Bicolored mitered surili Yellow-handed mitered surili Depigmented mitered surili Ferruginous mitered surili	NE LR/nt NE NE
Presbytis potenziani potenziani Presbytis potenziani siberu	Golden-bellied Mentawai surili Sombre-bellied Mentawai surili	VU A1c+2c, B1+2ac VU A1c+2c, B1+2ac
Presbytis rubicunda carimatae Presbytis rubicunda chrysea Presbytis rubicunda ignita Presbytis rubicunda rubicunda	Red-naped red surili Orange-backed red surili Orange-naped red surili Maroon red surili	NE DD NE LR/lc
Presbytis siamensis cana Presbytis siamensis natunae Presbytis siamensis paenulata Presbytis siamensis rhionis Presbytis siamensis siamensis	Riau pale-thighed surili Natuna pale-thighed surili Mantled pale-thighed surili Bintan pale-thighed surili Malayan pale-thighed surili	NE NE NE NE LR/lc
Presbytis thomasi	Sumatran grizzled surili	LR/nt
Pygathrix cinerea	Gray-shanked douc	EN A2cd+3cd; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
Pygathrix nemaeus	Red-shanked douc	EN A1cd
Pygathrix nigripes	Black-shanked douc	EN A1cd
Rhinopithecus avunculus	Tonkin snub-nosed monkey	CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C1+2a(i)
Rhinopithecus bieti	Yunnan snub-nosed monkey	EN C2a
Rhinopithecus brelichi	Guizhou snub-nosed monkey	EN C2b
Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis Rhinopithecus roxellana qinlingensis Rhinopithecus roxellana roxellana	Hubei golden snub-nosed monkey Qinling golden snub-nosed monk Moupin golden snub-nosed monkey	VU C2a VU C2a VU C2a
Semnopithecus entellus achates Semnopithecus entellus ajax Semnopithecus entellus anchises Semnopithecus entellus entellus Semnopithecus entellus hector Semnopithecus entellus hypoleucos Semnopithecus entellus schistaceus	Plains langur Dark-armed Himalayan langur Deccan langur Bengal Hanuman langur Terai langur Malabar langur Pale-armed Himalayan langur	LC CR B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v) NT NT EN B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) DD LR/nt
Semnopithecus priam priam Semnopithecus priam thersites	White-handed crested langur Grey-handed crested langur	DD VU A1cd
Semnopithecus johnii	Nilgiri black langur	VU C2a(i)
Simias concolor concolor Simias concolor siberu	Pagai pig-tailed snub-nosed monkey Siberut pig-tailed snub-nosed monkey	EN A1cd EN A1cd
Trachypithecus auratus auratus Trachypithecus auratus mauritius Trachypithecus auratus pyrrhus	Spangled ebony langur West Javan ebony langur Frosted ebony leaf monkey	EN A1c, B1+2cd EN B1+2ab NE
Trachypithecus barbei argenteus Trachypithecus barbei barbei Trachypithecus barbei holotephreus	Silver gray leaf monkey Barbe's leaf monkey Ash gray leaf monkey	NE NE NE
Trachypithecus delacouri	White-rumped black leaf monkey	CR A2cd+3cd; C2a(i)
Trachypithecus francoisi ebenus Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi Trachypithecus francoisi hatinhensis	Wulsin's black leaf monkey White-sideburned black leaf monkey Bar-headed black leaf monkey	DD VU A1cd, C2a EN A1cd
Trachypithecus geei	Golden leaf monkey	EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C1+2a(i)
Trachypithecus laotum	White-browed black leaf monkey	DD
Trachypithecus obscurus carbo Trachypithecus obscurus corax Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus Trachypithecus obscurus phayrei Trachypithecus obscurus sanctorum Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi Trachypithecus obscurus shanicus Trachypithecus obscurus smithi Trachypithecus obscurus styx	Tarutao dusky leaf monkey Dark-bellied dusky leaf monkey Blond-tailed dusky leaf monkey Cantor's dusky leaf monkey Spectacled leaf monkey Phayre's leaf monkey Zadetkyi Kyun dusky leaf monkey Phangan dusky leaf monkey Shan States leaf monkey Smith's dusky leaf monkey Perhentian dusky leaf monkey	NE NE NE NE LR/lc NE NE NE NE NE NE
Trachypithecus pileatus brahma Trachypithecus pileatus durga Trachypithecus pileatus pileatus Trachypithecus pileatus shortridgei Trachypithecus pileatus tenebricus	Buff-bellied capped leaf monkey Orange-bellied capped leaf monkey Blond-bellied capped leaf monkey Shortridge’s capped leaf monkey Tenebrous capped leaf monkey	DD EN A1cd, C2a EN A1cd, C2a EN A1cd, C2a EN C2a(i)
Trachypithecus poliocephalus leucocephalus Trachypithecus poliocephalus poliocephalus	White-headed black leaf langur   Tonkin hooded black langur	CR A2cd, C2a   CR A3cd; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C1+2a(i); D
Trachypithecus vetulus monticola   Trachypithecus vetulus nestor Trachypithecus vetulus philbricki Trachypithecus vetulus vetulus	Highland purple-faced langur   Western purple-faced langur Northern purple-faced langur Southern purple-faced langur	EN A2cd+4cd; B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v) CR A2cd+3cd+4cd EN A2cd+4cd EN A2cd+4cd
Trachypithecus villosus germaini Trachypithecus villosus margarita Trachypithecus villosus villosus	Germain's silver leaf monkey Elliot's silver leaf monkey Griffith’s silver leaf monkey	DD DD DD

Family Hylobatidae

Hoolock hoolock	Western hoolock gibbon	EN A1cd
Hoolock leuconedys	Eastern hoolock gibbon	EN A1cd
Hylobates agilis agilis Hylobates agilis albibarbis Hylobates agilis unko	Mountain agile gibbon Bornean agile gibbon Lowland agile gibbon	LR/nt LR/nt LR/nt
Hylobates klossii	Kloss’s or Mentawai gibbon	VU A1c+2c, B1+2ac
Hylobates lar carpenteri Hylobates lar entelloides Hylobates lar lar Hylobates lar vestitus Hylobates lar yunnanensis	Carpenter’s white-handed gibbon Central white-handed gibbon Malayan white-handed gibbon Sumatran white-handed gibbon Yunnan white-handed gibbon	LR/nt LR/nt LR/nt LR/nt CR C2a, D
Hylobates moloch moloch Hylobates moloch pongoalsoni	West Javan silvery gibbon Central Javan silvery gibbon	CR A1cd, C2a CR A1cd, C2a
Hylobates muelleri abbotti Hylobates muelleri funereus Hylobates muelleri muelleri	Abbott’s grey gibbon Northern grey gibbon Müller’s grey gibbon	LR/nt LR/nt LR/nt
Hylobates pileatus	Pileated or capped gibbon	VU A1cd+2cd
Nomascus concolor concolor Nomascus concolor furvogaster Nomascus concolor jingdongensis Nomascus concolor lu	Tonkin black crested gibbon West Yunnan black crested gibbon Central Yunnan black crested gibbon Laotian black crested gibbon	EN A1cd, C2a CR A2cd, B2a CR C2b EN A1c
Nomascus leucogenys leucogenys Nomascus leucogenys siki	Northern white-cheeked crested gibbon Southern white-cheeked crested gibbon	EN A1cd+2cd DD
Nomascus gabriellae	Yellow-cheeked crested gibbon	VU A1cd+2cd
Nomascus sp. cf. nasutus hainanus Nomascus sp. cf. nasutus nasutus	Hainan black crested gibbon Cao-Vit black crested gibbon	CR B1ab(iii,v); C2a(ii)b; D CR C2a(i)b; D
Symphalangus syndactylus continentis Symphalangus syndactylus syndactylus	Malayan siamang   Sumatran siamang	NE   LR/nt

Family Pongidae

Pongo abelii	Sumatran orangutan	CR A2bcd
Pongo pygmaeus morio Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii	Eastern Bornean orangutan Western Bornean orangutan Southern Bornean orangutan	EN A2cd EN A2cd EN A2cd

Total Taxa: 187 Total Threatened: 75 Percent Threatened: 40%

Note: This is presented as a working taxonomy and is not definitive.

The conservation status of each species is based on assessment summaries provided by the IUCN Red List. The Red List website offers more information on the threat categories listed here.