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Primates
of Asia
Taxonomy and Conservation Status
February 2009
Family Lorisidae
Subfamily Lorisinae
Loris
lydekkerianus grandis
Loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus
Loris lydekkerianus malabaricus
Loris lydekkerianus nordicus |
Highland slender loris
Mysore slender loris
Malabar slender loris
North Ceylonese slender loris |
EN A2cd+4cd;
B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
NT
NT
EN A2cd+4cd |
Loris
tardigradus nycticeboides
Loris tardigradus tardigradus |
Ceylon Mtn. slender loris
Red slender loris |
EN A2cd+4cd;
B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
EN A2cd+4cd; C1 |
| Nycticebus
bengalensis |
Northern slow loris |
VU A2acd+3cd+4acd |
| Nycticebus
coucang |
Greater slow loris |
VU A2cd |
| Nycticebus
javanicus |
Javan slow loris |
EN A2cd |
| Nycticebus
menagensis |
Bornean slow loris |
VU A2cd+3cd |
| Nycticebus
pygmaeus |
Pygmy slow loris |
VU A2cd |
Family Tarsiidae
Tarsius bancanus
bancanus
Tarsius bancanus borneanus
Tarsius bancanus natunensis
Tarsius bancanus saltator |
Western or Horsfield’s
tarsier
Bornean tarsier
Natuna tarsier
Belitung tarsier |
EN A2cd
VU A2cd
CR B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)
EN B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v) |
| Tarsius dentatus |
|
VU A4c |
| Tarsius lariang |
Palu tarsier |
DD |
| Tarsius
pelengensis |
Peleng tarsier |
EN B1ab(iii) |
| Tarsius pumilus |
Pygmy or Mountain tarsier |
DD |
| Tarsius
sangirensis |
Sangihe tarsier |
EN B1ab(ii,iii) |
Tarsius syrichta
carbonarius
Tarsius syrichta fraterculus
Tarsius syrichta syrichta |
Mindanao tarsier
Bohol tarsier
Philippine tarsier |
NE
NE
NT |
| Tarsius tarsier |
Makassar tarsier |
VU A2c |
| Tarsius tumpara |
Siau Island tarsier |
NE |
Family Cercopithecidae
Subfamily Cercopithecinae
| Macaca arctoides |
Stumptail or bear macaque |
VU A3cd+4cd |
Macaca
assamensis assamensis
Macaca assamensis pelops |
Eastern Assamese macaque
Western Assamese macaque |
NT
NT |
| Macaca cyclopis |
Formosan rock or Taiwan
macaque |
LC |
Macaca
fascicularis atriceps
Macaca fascicularis aurea
Macaca fascicularis condorensis
Macaca fascicularis fascicularis
Macaca fascicularis fusca
Macaca fascicularis karimondjawae
Macaca fascicularis lasiae
Macaca fascicularis philippinenesis
Macaca fascicularis tua
Macaca fascicularis umbrosa
|
Dark-crowned long-tailed
macaque
Burmese long-tailed macaque
Con Son long-tailed macaque
Common long-tailed macaque
Simeulue long-tailed macaque
Karimunjawa long-tailed macaque
Lasia long-tailed macaque
Philippine long-tailed macaque
Maratua long-tailed macaque
Nicobar long-tailed macaque |
DD
DD
VU D1+2
LC
DD
DD
DD
NT
DD
VU D2 |
Macaca fuscata
fuscata
Macaca fuscata yakui |
Japanese macaque
Yaku macaque |
LC
LC |
| Macaca hecki |
Heck's macaque |
VU A3cd+4cd |
| Macaca leonina |
Northern pigtail macaque |
VU A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| Macaca maurus |
Moor macaque |
EN A2cd |
Macaca mulatta
lasiota
Macaca mulatta littoralis
Macaca mulatta mulatta
Macaca mulatta sanctijohannis
Macaca mulatta siamica
Macaca mulatta tcheliensis
Macaca mulatta vestita |
West Chinese rhesus
macaque
South Chinese rhesus macaque
Indian rhesus macaque
Insular Chinese rhesus macaque
Indochinese rhesus macaque
North Chinese rhesus macaque
Tibetan rhesus macaque |
NE
NE
LC
NE
NE
NE
NE |
| Macaca munzala |
Arunachal macaque |
EN B1ab(v); D |
| Macaca nemestrina |
Sundaland pigtail macaque |
VU A2cd |
| Macaca nigra |
Celebes or crested black
macaque |
CR A2cd |
| Macaca nigrescens |
Gorontalo or Dumoga-Bone
macaque |
A2cd+3cd+4cd; B1ab(ii,iv) |
Macaca ochreata
brunnescens
Macaca ochreata ochreata |
Muna-Butung macaque
Booted macaque |
VU A3c; B1ab(i,ii,iii)
VU A3c |
| Macaca pagensis |
Pagai macaque |
CR A2cd+4cd |
Macaca radiata
diluta
Macaca radiata radiata |
Light-bellied bonnet
macaque
Dark-bellied bonnet macaque |
LC
LC |
| Macaca siberu |
Siberut macaque |
VU A2cd |
| Macaca silenus |
Lion-tailed macaque |
EN C2a(i) |
Macaca sinica
aurifrons
Macaca sinica opisthomelas
Macaca sinica sinica |
Pale-fronted toque macaque
Hill zone toque macaque
Common toque macaque |
EN A2cd+3cd
A2c+3c; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
EN A2cd+3cd |
| Macaca thibetana |
Tibetan macaque |
NT |
| Macaca tonkeana |
Tonkean macaque |
VU A2cd+3cd+4cd |
Subfamily Colobinae
Nasalis larvatus
larvatus
Nasalis larvatus orientalis |
Stripe-naped proboscis
monkey
Plain-naped proboscis monkey |
EN A2cd
A2cd; B1ab(iii,v); C2a(i) |
Presbytis
chrysomelas chrysomelas
Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger |
Bornean banded surili
Tricolor surili |
CR A2cd
CR A2cd |
| Presbytis comata |
Javan grizzled surili |
EN C2a(i) |
Presbytis
femoralis batuana
Presbytis femoralis femoralis
Presbytis femoralis percura
Presbytis femoralis robinsoni
|
North Sumatran banded
surili
Raffles' banded surili
East Sumatran banded surili
Robinson's banded surili |
DD
VU B1b(ii,iii,iv,v)
DD
NT |
| Presbytis
fredericae |
Javan fuscous surili |
DD |
| Presbytis
frontata |
White-fronted surili |
VU A2cd |
Presbytis hosei
canicrus
Presbytis hosei everetti
Presbytis hosei hosei
Presbytis hosei sabana |
Miller's grizzled surili
Everett’s grizzled surili
Hose's grizzled surili
Crested or Saban grizzled surili |
EN A4cd
VU A2cd
DD
EN A4cd |
Presbytis
melalophos bicolor
Presbytis melalophos melalophos
Presbytis melalophos mitrata
Presbytis melalophos nobilis
Presbytis melalophos sumatrana |
Bicolored mitered surili
Yellow-handed mitered surili
Depigmented mitered surili
Ferruginous mitered surili
Sumatran mitered surili |
DD
NT
EN A2cd
NE
EN A2cd |
| Presbytis natunae |
Natuna surili |
VU C2a(iii) |
Presbytis
potenziani potenziani
Presbytis potenziani siberu |
Golden-bellied Mentawai
surili
Sombre-bellied Mentawai surili |
CR A2cd
EN A2cd |
Presbytis
rubicunda carimatae
Presbytis rubicunda chrysea
Presbytis rubicunda ignita
Presbytis rubicunda rubicunda
Presbytis rubicunda rubida |
Red-naped red surili
Orange-backed red surili
Orange-naped red surili
Maroon red surili
|
DD
DD
LC
LC
LC |
Presbytis
siamensis cana
Presbytis siamensis paenulata
Presbytis siamensis rhionis
Presbytis siamensis siamensis |
Riau pale-thighed surili
Mantled pale-thighed surili
Bintan pale-thighed surili
Malayan pale-thighed surili |
NT
NT
DD
NT |
| Presbytis thomasi |
Sumatran grizzled surili |
VU A2c |
| Pygathrix cinerea |
Gray-shanked douc |
CR A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| Pygathrix nemaeus |
Red-shanked douc |
EN A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| Pygathrix
nigripes |
Black-shanked douc |
EN A2cd |
| Rhinopithecus
avunculus |
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey |
CR C2a(i) |
| Rhinopithecus
bieti |
Yunnan snub-nosed monkey |
EN C1 |
| Rhinopithecus
brelichi |
Guizhou snub-nosed monkey |
EN B1ab(iii,v); C2a(ii) |
Rhinopithecus
roxellana hubeiensis
Rhinopithecus roxellana qinlingensis
Rhinopithecus roxellana roxellana |
Hubei golden snub-nosed
monkey
Qinling golden snub-nosed monk
Moupin golden snub-nosed monkey |
EN A2acd; B1ab(iii,v); D
EN C1
EN A2acd |
| Semnopithecus
ajax |
Dark-armed Himalayan
langur |
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D |
Semnopithecus
entellus achates
Semnopithecus entellus anchises
Semnopithecus entellus entellus |
Plains langur
Deccan langur
Bengal Hanuman langur |
NE
NE
LC |
| Semnopithecus
hector |
Terai langur |
NT |
| Semnopithecus
hypoleucos |
Malabar langur |
VU A2d |
| Semnopithecus
schistaceus |
Pale-armed Himalayan
langur |
LC |
Semnopithecus
priam priam
Semnopithecus priam thersites |
White-handed crested
langur
Grey-handed crested langur |
NT
EN A4cd |
| Trachypithecus
johnii |
Nilgiri black langur |
VU C2a(i) |
Simias concolor
concolor
Simias concolor siberu |
Pagai pig-tailed
snub-nosed monkey
Siberut pig-tailed snub-nosed monkey |
CR A2cd
CR A2cd |
Trachypithecus
auratus auratus
Trachypithecus auratus mauritius
Trachypithecus auratus pyrrhus |
Spangled ebony langur
West Javan ebony langur
Frosted ebony leaf monkey |
VU A2cd
VU A2cd
NE |
Trachypithecus
barbei argenteus
Trachypithecus barbei barbei
Trachypithecus barbei holotephreus |
Silver gray leaf monkey
Barbe's leaf monkey
Ash gray leaf monkey |
NE
DD
NE |
Trachypithecus
c. cristatus
Trachypithecus c. selangorensis
Trachypithecus c. vigilans |
|
NT
NE
CR B1ab(ii,iii) |
| Trachypithecus
delacouri |
White-rumped black leaf
monkey |
CR C2a(i) |
Trachypithecus
francoisi ebenus
Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi |
Wulsin's black leaf monkey
White-sideburned black leaf monkey |
NE
EN A2cd |
| Trachypithecus
geei |
Golden leaf monkey |
EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v);
C1+2a(i) |
| Trachypithecus
germaini |
Germain's silver leaf
monkey |
EN A2cd |
| Trachypithecus
hatinhensis |
Bar-headed black leaf
monkey |
EN A2cd |
| Trachypithecus
laotum |
White-browed black leaf
monkey |
VU A3cd+4cd |
Trachypithecus
obscurus carbo
Trachypithecus obscurus corax
Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda
Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer
Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus
Trachypithecus obscurus sanctorum
Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi
Trachypithecus obscurus smithi
Trachypithecus obscurus styx |
Tarutao dusky leaf monkey
Dark-bellied dusky leaf monkey
Blond-tailed dusky leaf monkey
Cantor's dusky leaf monkey
Spectacled leaf monkey
Zadetkyi Kyun dusky leaf monkey
Phangan dusky leaf monkey
Smith's dusky leaf monkey
Perhentian dusky leaf monkey |
LC
NE
LC
LC
LC
VU D2
VU D2
NE
VU D2 |
Trachypithecus
pileatus brahma
Trachypithecus pileatus durga
Trachypithecus pileatus pileatus
Trachypithecus pileatus tenebricus |
Buff-bellied capped leaf
monkey
Orange-bellied capped leaf monkey
Blond-bellied capped leaf monkey
Tenebrous capped leaf monkey |
DD
EN C1+2a(i)
EN C1+2a(i)
EN C2a(i) |
Trachypithecus
phayrei crepusculus
Trachypithecus phayrei phayrei
Trachypithecus phayrei shanicus |
Phayre's leaf monkey
Shan States' leaf monkey |
EN A2cd
EN A2cd
EN C1 |
Trachypithecus
p. leucocephalus
Trachypithecus p. poliocephalus |
White-headed black leaf
langur
Tonkin hooded black langur |
CR A2cd
CR A2acd; B1ab(v); D |
Trachypithecus
vetulus monticola
Trachypithecus vetulus nestor
Trachypithecus vetulus philbricki
Trachypithecus vetulus vetulus |
Highland purple-faced
langur
Western purple-faced langur
Northern purple-faced langur
Southern purple-faced langur |
EN A2cd+3cd+4cd;
B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv)
CR A2cd+3cd+4cd
EN A2cd+4cd
EN A2cd+4cd |
Trachypithecus
villosus margarita
Trachypithecus villosus villosus |
Elliot's silver leaf
monkey
Griffith’s silver leaf monkey |
NE
NE |
Family Hylobatidae
| Hoolock hoolock |
Western hoolock gibbon |
EN A2acd+3cd+4acd |
| Hoolock
leuconedys |
Eastern hoolock gibbon |
VU A3cd |
| Hylobates
albobarbis |
Bornean agile gibbon |
EN A4cd |
Hylobates agilis
agilis
Hylobates agilis unko |
Mountain agile gibbon
Lowland agile gibbon |
EN A2cd
NE |
| Hylobates klossii |
Kloss’s or Mentawai gibbon |
EN A2cd |
Hylobates lar
carpenteri
Hylobates lar entelloides
Hylobates lar lar
Hylobates lar vestitus
Hylobates lar yunnanensis |
Carpenter’s white-handed
gibbon
Central white-handed gibbon
Malayan white-handed gibbon
Sumatran white-handed gibbon
Yunnan white-handed gibbon |
EN A2cd
VU A2cd
EN A2cd
EN A2cd
DD |
Hylobates moloch
moloch
Hylobates moloch pongoalsoni |
West Javan silvery gibbon
Central Javan silvery gibbon |
EN C2a(i)
NE |
Hylobates
muelleri abbotti
Hylobates muelleri funereus
Hylobates muelleri muelleri |
Abbott’s grey gibbon
Northern grey gibbon
Müller’s grey gibbon |
EN A2cd
EN A4cd
EN A2cd |
| Hylobates
pileatus |
Pileated or capped gibbon |
EN A4cd |
Nomascus
concolor concolor
Nomascus concolor furvogaster
Nomascus concolor jingdongensis
Nomascus concolor lu
|
Tonkin black crested
gibbon
West Yunnan black crested gibbon
Central Yunnan black crested gibbon
Laotian black crested gibbon |
CR A2cd;C2a(i)
CR A2cd;C2a(i)
CR A2cd;C2a(i)
CR A2cd;C2a(i) |
| Nomascus
leucogenys |
Northern white-cheeked
crested gibbon |
CR A2cd+3cd |
| Nomascus
gabriellae |
Yellow-cheeked crested
gibbon |
VU A1cd+2cd |
| Nomascus hainanus |
Hainan black crested
gibbon |
CR A2acd;
B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii); D |
| Nomascus nasutus |
Cao-Vit black crested
gibbon |
CR A2acd; C2a(i); D |
| Nomascus siki |
Southern white-cheeked
crested gibbon |
EN A2cd |
Symphalangus s.
continentis
Symphalangus s. syndactylus |
Malayan siamang
Sumatran siamang |
NE
EN A2cd |
Family Pongidae
| Pongo abelii |
Sumatran orangutan |
CR A2cd |
Pongo pygmaeus
morio
Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus
Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii |
Eastern Bornean orangutan
Western Bornean orangutan
Southern Bornean orangutan |
EN A2cd
EN A2cd
EN A2cd |
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Total Taxa: 187
Total Threatened: 75
Percent Threatened: 40%
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Note: This is presented as a working taxonomy and
is not definitive.
The conservation status of each species is based
on assessment summaries provided by the IUCN Red List. The
Red List website offers more information on the threat
categories listed here.
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